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软地基中的隧洞 - 工程示例 Tunnels in soft ground are usually constructed by using a Tunnel Shield or the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). One of the prime concerns is the risk of settlement of the ground above the tunnel. The diagram shows a simplified cross-section of a typical tunnel in soft ground. The icons show where the instruments would normally be installed - hover over the icon that is lettered on the diagram (SP, I, PZ, etc) to see a brief description.
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SP
- 测量标点
PC
- 弦式压力盒
PZ
- 渗压计 
EX
- 位移计
ST
- 应变计
I
- 测斜仪
TL
- 隧洞衬砌压力盒